Effects of Stand Density and N Fertilization on the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Intercropped with Climbing Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Maize is Germany’s most important fodder and energy crop. However, pure maize cultivation has ecological disadvantages. Moreover, its yield low in crude protein, an feed quality parameter. Maize–bean intercropping can potentially address both issues. A bean variety specially developed for was first introduced 2016. Using this variety, a network of institutions conducted 13 field trials from 2017 to 2020 on four sites Germany. We sought determine the effects stand density nitrogen (N) fertilization dry matter yield, protein soil mineral N content (Nmin) at harvest intercropped vs. maize. The three densities we tested (7.5, 5.5, 4 plants/m2) produced non-significantly different yields or given 7.5–8 plants/m2. Intercropping inferior but yield. Under neither cropping strategy were significant losses recorded with reduced compared full fertilization. At fertilization, however, systems 8/4 maize–bean intercrop system left significantly higher Nmin than other variants corresponding level thus increased risk nitrate leaching. encourage further optimization performance intercropping, e.g., through breeding promotion biological fixation via rhizobia inoculation. Furthermore, recommend reducing levels cultivation.